Effect of Oxygen Requirement, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Drug Therapy in Various Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

Pneumonia is the major cause for ARDs, identification of ARDs from the patients with pneumonia remains a significant clinical problem due to the overlap of clinical presentation and symptoms. The main aim is to study ARDs and Pneumonia treatment through antimicrobial drugs and antiviral drugs with oxygen support.
Methods: 38 Patients were taken for this study, studied on inpatients admitted to the hospital, on Physical examination and clinical diagnosis and various other diagnosis parameters Pneumonia caused by pathogens patients taken under consideration, those patients who develop severity during treatment of pneumonia and develops ARDs in ICU were studied. The investigation used a validated screening protocol to identify patients with ARDs (defined as a partial pressure of arterial Oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 300 mmHg and bilateral chest radiographic opacities without evidence of left sided heart failure),ABG test, and chest X-ray.
Results: This study enrolled 38 patients of pneumonia, out of these 26 patients Male and 12 females were identified, it reveals pneumonia is more prevalence in male instead of female. More than 50 years age are sensitive to pneumonia and treatment of pneumonia, in study found 65.79% patients of more than 50 years. Cough & fever are the most common symptoms which were present in pneumonia patients. As the diagnosis of physical and clinical investigation like chest X-ray, Sputum, pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, describes the type of infection, and its severity. Sputum culture testing found 84.21% patients found gram positive from which 73.68% of the streptococcus pneumonia. Out of total patients 57.29% were smokers and 47.37 %were diabetic. For the treatment of pneumonia and ARDs various type of antibiotic injection in combination were prescribed along with Oxygen Support.   Pneumonia patients are treated along with oxygen therapy which was provided through facemask at the flow of 5.0 L/min and FiO2 is from 40% to 60% for ICU patients. The oxygen supply act as medicine as prescribing in both diseases. This Study include symptoms, etiology and treatment of n=38 patients of pneumonia. Out of total patients 15.78% have developed ARDS and treated accordingly.
Conclusion: For pneumonia treatment , diagnosis of pathogen has important role for antimicrobial or antiviral drug prescription, thus antimicrobial resistance will not develop and recovery will be faster. Oxygen support now a days used as medicine if required it must be prescribe. The patients oxygen saturation level and oxygen flow rate must be monitored.
ARDS cause is not properly identified but diagnosis in early stage and treatment with oxygen support, antimicrobials & antiviral drugs will be beneficial for recovery without mortality.
During covid 19 whole world has faced that many of patients who were suffered from  pneumonia developed in to ARDS. The basic cause was not identified , physicians tried to recover with different drug therapies. That’s why there is need of more study on ARDS diagnosis, cause and treatment.
Key words: ARDs, FiO2 , pH,ICU,ABG,PaO2/FiO2